Net-Toolkit
IP Lookup Tool
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General info
IPv4 is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP). It uses a 32-bit address space that provides 4,294,967,296 (232) unique IP addresses.
Top IP address space owners
27 companies and organizations uses 40 IPv4 /8 blocks, that is 15% of all 256 IP blocks.
Companies and organiztions that owns more then 1 IP block:
- US Military (Department of Defense) (12 blocks)
- Level 3 Communications, Inc. (2 blocks)
- Hewlett-Packard (2 blocks)
Top 3 countries by IPv4 address allocation:
- United States of America: 1541.6M / 35.9%
- People's Republic of China: 330.3M / 7.7%
- Japan 202.2M / 4.7%
875.3M IPv4 addresses are in use by bogon filtering, which are bogus (fake) IP addresses of a computer network. Bogons includes reserved private, non-routable on the Internet, addresses (10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16) and link-local address (169.254.0.0/16), that should not be globally advertised to the internet.
IPv4 address exhaustion
Original Internet architecture have fewer thatn 4.3 billion addresses available. Top-level address exhaustion occured on 31 January 2011, when last IPv4 185/8 IP block was assigned to RIPE NCC by IANA.
All five Regional Internet Registries have exhausted their address pools:
- APNIC (15 April 2011)
- LACNIC (10 June 2014)
- ARIN (21 April 2015)
- AFRINIC (2019)
- RIPE NCC (25 November 2019)
To delay shortages of IPv4 addresses, new technologies (Network Address Translation (NAT), Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) and IPv6) and policies (unused IPv4 space reclamation, redistribution IPv4 addresses on the market, new transition mechanisms) were adopted.
General info
IPv6 was developed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to deal with IPv4 exhaustion problem. IPv6 uses a 128-bit addresses allowing 3.4×1038 addresses (2128).
Benefits from IPv6 over IPv4:
- Larger address space
- Stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC)
- IPsec implementation as IPv6 extension headers
- Simplified packet header and processing them by routers
- Extension headers
- Jumbograms
General info
IANA is a standards organization that controls global IP address allocation, autonomous system number (ASN) allocation, Domain Name System (DNS) root zone managegement, media types (MIME type) and other Internet Protocol related symbols. Currently IANA ia a function of Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) organization. They delegates allocations of IP address blocks to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs).
General info
Five RIRs provides services to administer, manage, distribute and register Internet number resources (address space) to Internet Service Providers and other organizations in their operating regions.
AFRINIC (African Network Information Centre)
Location: Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
AFRINIC was founded in 2005. They are responsible for members in Africa.
APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Centre)
Location: Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
APNIC was founded in 1993. They are responsible for members in Asia Pacific.
ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers)
Location: Chantilly, Virginia, United States
ARIN was founded in 1997. They are responsible for members in United States, Canada, many Caribbean and North Atlantic islands.
LACNIC (Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Centre)
Location: Montevideo, Uruguay
LACNIC was founded in 2002. They are responsible for members in Latin America and the Caribbean.
RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre / European IP Networks)
Location: Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
RIPE NCC was founded in 1992. They are responsible for members in Europe, the Middle East and parts of Central Asia.
The NRO (The Number Resource Organization)
NRO was founded in 2003 as a coordinating body for the five Regional Internet Registrie, which manage the allocation of IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers.
Here are some interesting trivia facts about IP lookup
Geolocation
IP lookup can be used to determine the geographical location of an IP address. By analyzing various data points associated with an IP address, such as its registered owner, network, and routing information, it's possible to estimate the approximate physical location of the device or network using that IP address.
Reverse DNS Lookup
IP lookup can also be used for reverse DNS (Domain Name System) lookup. This process involves querying DNS servers to find the domain name associated with a given IP address. It's particularly useful for identifying the hostname of a server or device based on its IP address.
IP Address Ownership
IP lookup can reveal information about the organization or entity that owns or is responsible for an IP address. This can include internet service providers (ISPs), corporations, government agencies, or other entities that have been assigned or allocated IP address blocks.
Abuse Detection
IP lookup is often employed in detecting and mitigating abusive or malicious activities on the internet. By analyzing IP addresses associated with suspicious behavior, such as spamming, hacking attempts, or denial-of-service attacks, organizations can take appropriate measures to protect their networks and users.
IP Address Type
IP lookup can distinguish between different types of IP addresses, such as public IP addresses and private IP addresses. Public IP addresses are routable on the internet and are assigned to devices directly accessible from the internet, while private IP addresses are used within internal networks and are not directly accessible from the internet.
Proxy Detection
IP lookup can aid in detecting the use of proxy servers or anonymization services by analyzing characteristics of IP addresses, such as their reputation, behavior, or known associations with proxy services. This is important for identifying potential security risks or fraudulent activities associated with proxy usage.